Entwicklung eines STPA-Verifiers als Eclipse-Plug-in für die Verifikation von Software-Sicherheitsanforderungen

Um die Sicherheit in kritischen Softwaresystemen zu gewährleisten ist immer häufiger eine Verifikation der Software in einem Systemkontext notwendig. Hierfür ist in den letzten Jahren die Verifikation von Softwaresystemen durch Model Checking, bedingt durch die wachsende Anzahl an dafür zur Verfügung stehenden Werkzeugen, eine bewährte Methode geworden. Diese Arbeit stellt auf Grundlage des in STPA SwISS [AWL15] vorgestellten Konzeptes eine Software zur automatisierten Ausführung von LTL und CTL Model Checking mit den Werkzeugen Spin und NuSMV bietet. Dabei können die Sicherheitsanforderungen sowohl manuell eingegeben werden, als auch aus einer STPA Analyse importiert werden. Das Ergebnis dieser Arbeit soll ein Ansatz zur Kombination einer Gefahrenanalyse auf Systemebene und einer Verifikation dieses Systems auf Implementierungsebene sein. Zu diesem Zweck wird der STPA Verifier zur automatisierten Verifikation von Sicherheitsanforderungen und Dokumentation der Ergebnisse vorgestellt.To verify the safety on a critical softwaresystem includes more and more often the task of verifying Software in the context of the system. In the last years verifying software by using formal model checking has become a more and more popular method due to the increasing number of available tool support. This work presents a Software based on the concepts of the STPA SwISS approach [AWL15] that provides a graphical user interface for performing automated LTL and CTL model checking using the Spin or the NuSMV model checker. The safety properties can be derived either manually or by importing the results of a STPA hazard analysis. The result of this work are supposed to be an approach to combine a hazard analysis on system level and a Softwareverification on implementation level. To provide this the STPA Verifier for verfying safety constraints and creating a verification report is presented

Comparison and evaluation of ontology visualizations

In the last couple of years a large number of software aiming at visualizing ontologies were introduced, causing difficulties in selecting an objectively suitable visualizing tool. This work lists free and commercial tools in four groups named by the visualizing method used by members of each group. Furthermore a detailed examination of each tool in a separate section is presented. Finally the document comes to an end with an overview of all listed tools and a recommendation of the most powerful ones of each group

Synthesis and Surface Behaviour of NDI Chromophores Mounted on a Tripodal Scaffold: Towards Self-Decoupled Chromophores for Single-Molecule Electroluminescence

This paper reports the efficient synthesis, absorption and emission spectra, and the electrochemical properties of a series of 2,6-disubstituted naphthalene-1,4,5,8-tetracarboxdiimide (NDI) tripodal molecules with thioacetate anchors for their surface investigations. Our studies showed that, in particular, the pyrrolidinyl group with its strong electron-donating properties enhanced the fluorescence of such core-substituted NDI chromophores and caused a significant bathochromic shift in the absorption spectrum with a correspondingly narrowed bandgap of 1.94 eV. Cyclic voltammetry showed the redox properties of NDIs to be influenced by core substituents. The strong electron-donating character of pyrrolidine substituents results in rather high HOMO and LUMO levels of -5.31 and -3.37 eV when compared with the parental unsubstituted NDI. UHV-STM measurements of a sub-monolayer of the rigid tripodal NDI chromophores spray deposited on Au(111) show that these molecules mainly tend to adsorb flat in a pairwise fashion on the surface and form unordered films. However, the STML experiments also revealed a few molecular clusters, which might consist of upright oriented molecules protruding from the molecular island and show electroluminescence photon spectra with high electroluminescence yields of up to 6×10$^{-3}$. These results demonstrate the promising potential of the NDI tripodal chromophores for the fabrication of molecular devices profiting from optical features of the molecular layer

Hot luminescence from single-molecule chromophores electrically and mechanically self-decoupled by tripodal scaffolds

Control over the electrical contact to an individual molecule is one of the biggest challenges in molecular optoelectronics. The mounting of individual chromophores on extended tripodal scaffolds enables both efficient electrical and mechanical decoupling of individual chromophores from metallic leads. Core-substituted naphthalene diimides fixed perpendicular to a gold substrate by a covalently attached extended tripod display high stability with well-defined and efficient electroluminescence down to the single-molecule level. The molecularly controlled spatial arrangement balances the electric conduction for electroluminescence and the insulation to avoid non-radiative carrier recombination, enabling the spectrally and spatially resolved electroluminescence of individual self-decoupled chromophores in a scanning tunneling microscope. Hot luminescence bands are even visible in single self-decoupled chromophores, documenting the mechanical decoupling between the vibrons of the chromophore and the substrate

The high-rate data challenge: computing for the CBM experiment

The Compressed Baryonic Matter experiment (CBM) is a next-generation heavy-ion experiment to be operated at the FAIR facility, currently under construction in Darmstadt, Germany. A key feature of CBM is very high interaction rate, exceeding those of contemporary nuclear collision experiments by several orders of magnitude. Such interaction rates forbid a conventional, hardware-triggered readout; instead, experiment data will be freely streaming from self-triggered front-end electronics. In order to reduce the huge raw data volume to a recordable rate, data will be selected exclusively on CPU, which necessitates partial event reconstruction in real-time. Consequently, the traditional segregation of online and offline software vanishes; an integrated on- and offline data processing concept is called for. In this paper, we will report on concepts and developments for computing for CBM as well as on the status of preparations for its first physics run

A precision device needs precise simulation: Software description of the CBM Silicon Tracking System

Precise modelling of detectors in simulations is the key to the understanding of their performance, which, in turn, is a prerequisite for the proper design choice and, later, for the achievement of valid physics results. In this report, we describe the implementation of the Silicon Tracking System (STS), the main tracking device of the CBM experiment, in the CBM software environment. The STS makes uses of double-sided silicon micro-strip sensors with double metal layers. We present a description of transport and detector response simulation, including all relevant physical effects like charge creation and drift, charge collection, cross-talk and digitization. Of particular importance and novelty is the description of the time behavior of the detector, since its readout will not be externally triggered but continuous. We also cover some aspects of local reconstruction, which in the CBM case has to be performed in real-time and thus requires high-speed algorithms

Perceived Severity of Stressors in the Intensive Care Unit: A Systematic Review and Semi-Quantitative Analysis of the Literature on the Perspectives of Patients, Health Care Providers and Relatives

The aim of this study was to synthesize quantitative research that identified ranking lists of the most severe stressors of patients in the intensive care unit, as perceived by patients, relatives, and health care professionals (HCP). We conducted a systematic literature search in PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycInfo, CINAHL, and Cochrane Library from 1989 to 15 May 2020. Data were analyzed with descriptive and semi-quantitative methods to yield summarizing ranking lists of the most severe stressors. We synthesized the results of 42 prospective cross-sectional observational studies from different international regions. All investigations had assessed patient ratings. Thirteen studies also measured HCP ratings, and four studies included ratings of relatives. Data indicated that patients rate the severity of stressors lower than HCPs and relatives do. Out of all ranking lists, we extracted 137 stressor items that were most frequently ranked among the most severe stressors. After allocation to four domains, a group of clinical ICU experts sorted these stressors with good to excellent agreement according to their stress levels. Our results may contribute to improve HCPs' and relatives' understanding of patients' perceptions of stressors in the ICU. The synthesized stressor rankings can be used for the development of new assessment instruments of stressors